How to Choose the Right Network Face Plates

Although FTTx is now being widely applied, many places are not able to use optical fiber or FTTx. For example, CAT6 or CAT5e cables are still occupying a certain proportion comparing with fiber optic cables. In some places FTTx and CAT5e/CAT6 network cables are being operated at the same time. In the mentioned situations, network face plates should be taken into consideration during cabling.

Network Face Plate is usually a plastic plate with one or more ports, which allows copper network cables to run between rooms beneath floors and behind walls. It is important to choose appropriate network face plates or wall plates during cabling.

Before you install network face plates, you should know which ones satisfy your needs most. The face plates you choose should conform to the standard you have choosen for your overall system. A good choice of network face plates or wall plates will not only help to maintain the quality of your infrastructure, but also save valuable spaces and cost. How to select the appropriate network face plates and wall plates? The following will give you the answer.

First, you should make sure how many types of cables you need to run. Usually, people need multiple medium to maintain communication. For example, telephone, Internet and TV are always the "must-have" medium during home network cabling. They should be connected with different network face plates. You might need several network face plates separately with RJ45 port, RJ11 port and TV port. However, in many situations, those cables come into home from one location. Then, it could be really bothering to install these face plates one by one. In addition, it’s not space saving and the appearance is not nice. Luckily, you can find that many manufacturers are providing network face plates with multiple ports in one to meet your specific networking needs. For example, except the network face plate with one port, there are many other network face plates like the followings:

• Face plate with one or more RJ45 port(s) and one or more TV port(s)
• Face plate with a RJ45 port, RJ11 port and a TV port
• Face plate with a RJ45 port, a RJ11 port, as well as an electrical socket and switch

The first product in the picture shows a network face plate with two RJ45 ports and two TV ports. And the next is a network face plate with 3 RJ45 port and 1 RJ11.

In the market, you could even find RJ45 wall plate with a RJ45 port and a SC port for the situations in which both copper cable and fiber optic cable are being used.

The size of the network face plate is another thing should be considered during cabling. There are generally 3 types of standard network face plates. They are known as 86 type, 118 type and 120 type network face plates. 86 type network face plate is square, with a size of 86*86mm, with one to three ports. 118 type network face plate is a rectangle network face plate generally with a 118*72mm size or other sizes. 120 type network face plate usually has a size of 120*120mm, 120*60mm or other accordingly.

One more thing cannot be ignored during network cabling is the cable type. For example, you should choose fiber optic wall plates for fiber optic cabling. The most commonly used copper network cables are CAT5e or CAT6, then you should choose RJ45 jacks and plates or RJ45 faceplate. It is essential to make sure whether the network face plates are suitable for the cables you chose. By taking the mentioned aspects into consideration, you are sure to find the right network face plates for your needs.

More info: How to Choose The Fittest Network Face Plate

Knowledge of 1G 10G Dual-Rate Optical Transceiver

As data centers and enterprises strive to future proof their infrastructures while maximizing their current networks, the flexibility of true dual-rate compliant interfaces eases the transition to higher Gigabit Ethernet systems. This is why the dual-rate optical transceiver has emerged (e.g. Finisar FTLX8571D3BCV and FTLX1471D3BCV). And today, I'd like to talk something about the dual-rate optical transceiver, particularly the 1G/10G dual-rate SFP+.

The following figure shows Finisar FTLX8571D3BCV compatible 1G/10G Dual-Rate SFP+ optical transceiver

As its name suggests, dual-rate optical transceiver is a kind of optical transceiver which can support two different data rates. With the dual-rate optical transceiver, users can achieve the full forward and backward compatibility of their systems with a low cost. The common dual-rate optical transceivers in the today's market is the 1G/10G dual-rate SFP+ transceiver. They are compatible with either 10 Gigabit Ethernet or 1 Gigabit Ethernet fiber interface. There are many different vendors to supply the 1G/10G dual-rate SFP+, but the standards and protocols which they complied with are the same. In general, the 1G/10G dual-rate SFP+ are designed for use in 1 Gigabit and 10 Gigabit Ethernet links over single-mode or multi-mode fiber. They are compliant with SFF-8431, IEEE 802.3-2005 10GBASE-SR/SW, 10GBASE-LR and 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX. In addition, similar to most modern optical transceivers, digital diagnostics monitoring (DDM) or digital optical monitoring (DOM) functions are also available in the dual-rate SFP+, so that users can monitor many parameters of the transceiver module in real-time. Actually, with the development of technology and the increasing demands on higher Gigabit Ethernet, there are other dual-rate optical transceivers with different package styles or even at different data rates except the 1G/10G dual-rate SFP+, eg. Multi-rate XFP.

In my opinions, the emergence of dual-rate optical transceiver is mostly because of the cost consideration. From 1G to 10G, 10G to 40G, 40G to 100G, and even higher data rate, it means that the development of Gigabit Ethernet is very fast. In other words, the cost of updating the equipment keeps adding up over time. Dual-rate optical transceiver is a cost-effective solution to solve this question. For example, a 1G/10G dual-rate SFP+ can be used in both 1 Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet links which eases the transition from 1Gb/s to 10Gb/s systems. Users can configure to operate the dual-rate optical transceivers at 1GbE or 10GbE in a switch with 10G SFP+ ports and 1G/10GSFP+ ports, but not native 1G SFP ports. And do not have to spend extra cost in buying optical transceivers only support 1G or 10G Ethernet. Of course, if you only need one type of Gigabit Ethernet, you do not need to use the dual-rate optical transceiver. So, at this time, the more cost-effective choice is to buy a corresponding single-rate optical transceiver. Nowadays, 10G Ethernet is the most commonly used type of Ethernet as the 40G and 100G are still developing. Thus, the market of 1G/10G dual-rate SFP+ is not so popular as its first emergence. But it is still applied in 1000BASE-SX 1G Ethernet, 1000BASE-LX 1G Ethernet, 10GBASE-SR/SW 10G Ethernet and 10GBASE-LR 10G Ethernet as a cost-effective solution for 1G/10G Ethernet.

From this paper, you may have an understanding of the dual-rate optical transceiver. No matter you are very familiar with the dual-rate optical transceiver or have no idea of it, I really hope that this paper is useful for you. Of course due to the limited knowledge of me, there may be some inevitable errors and omissions existing in this paper. If it is not appropriate, your critical comments are highly appreciated.

Read more articles about optical transceiver, go to click: Fiber Transceiver Solution blog

Aerial Fiber Cables Tutorial

Aerial fiber optic cables are an essential part of the optical communication networks. They are commonly used in our daily life, like hanging in the pole at the front of our house. How much do you know about the aerial fiber cables? This article can help you learn more about them.

As the aerial fiber optic cables are exposed in the outdoor environment, they have to be made of material which is different to the conventional fiber optic cables to withstand windy, rainy, icy and snowy weathers. What's more, the installation method is different from other cables. Therefore, there are different types of aerial fiber cables.

Types of Aerial Fiber Optic Cables

By installation methods, aerial fiber optic cables can be generally classified as two types: catenary wire and self-supporting. Catenary Wire Aerial Cable is regular outdoor loose tube cables that can utilize the existing overhead pole line to install that saves more in construction costs and shortens the construction period. Self-Supporting Aerial Cable, or All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) cable, has cable bonded to an insulated steel or all-dielectric messenger for support. ADSS cables are usually made of heavier jackets and stronger metal or aramid strength members. Nowadays, the self-supporting aerial fiber optic cables are more widely used by people. And the most commonly used ADSS cables are figure-8 aerial cable.

Figure-8 Aerial Cable

Figure-8 aerial cable greatly simplifies the task of placing fiber optic cable on an aerial plant. It incorporates both a steel messenger and the core of a standard optical fiber cable into a single jacket of "Figure-8" cross-section. The combination of strand and optical fiber into a single cable allows rapid one-step installation and results in a more durable aerial plant. Figure 8 cable is commonly used between the poles in the outdoor.

Figure-8 Aerial Cable

Drop Cable

There is also another type of fiber optic cable, the intersecting face  of which showing the figure of 8, that is fiber optic drop cable. You should not confound them together.

With the emergence of access networks, including fiber to the business, fiber to the home and fiber to the premises, referred to collectively as FTTx, the demands  of new optimized products to meet increasing bandwidth needs are daily increased. One such product is optical drop cable. The conventional drop cable consists of two parallel reinforced core and an optical fiber in the middle of them. The intersecting surface present the figure of 8. Fiber drop cable is widely used in the FTTH networks.

FTTH Indoor Drop Cable

Self-Supporting Drop Cable (Aerial Drop Cable)

Add a thick steel wire line to the conventional drop cable, the self-supporting drop cable is formed. Self- supporting drop cable has a stronger tensile strength because of its metal hanging units. Therefore, we can also call it aerial drop cable. The aerial drop cable is designed to run from the distribution point to the subscriber. The metal unit will be clipped before entering to the subscriber. The biggest problem for aerial drop cable is that it's more expensive than conventional drop cables.

FTTH Aerial Drop Cable

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Marketing: Fiberstore supplies figure 8 areial cables, FTTH Indoor Cable, FTTH Drop Cable, FTTH Duct Armored Cable, etc. In order to cut inventory costs and speed up the installation process for our customers, Fiberstore's FTTH cable designs can simplify your project.

Article Source: How Much do you Know about Aerial Fiber Optic Cables?

The Introduction of EXFO OTDR

Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. It can help you understand the whole system you test and can be used for estimating the fiber length and overall attenuation, including splice and mated-connector losses. It can also be used to locate faults, such as breaks, and to measure optical return loss. EXFO, as a famous brand of OTDR is a leading provider of next-generation test and service assurance solutions for wireless and wireline network operators and equipment manufacturers in the global telecom industry. It offers innovative solutions for the development, installation, management and maintenance of converged, IP fixed and mobile networks. This text mainly introduce EXFO OTDR.

OTDR is at the core of EXFO’s optical expertise. Leading the OTDR market with a 48% market share and the broadest OTDR portfolio, EXFO offers an OTDR built smart for any type of network.

Based on field knowledge and 20 years of OTDR expertise, EXFO’s OTDR is designed to meet network operators’ latest requirements. EXFO’s solutions can provide measurements you can trust by combining intelligence and accuracy with user-friendliness. It can also minimize truck rolls and accelerate workflow in the field.

With numerous singlemode and multimode configurations available at several wavelengths, EXFO OTDR comes in handheld or modular formats. And I’d like to recommand you the EXFO FTB series OTDR of them, especially the FTB-200 OTDR.

EXFO FTB-200 is a Compact Platform that can deliver the processing power of a high-end platform for a variety of advanced applications. The FTB-200 can Optimize all phases of the network lifecycle and house any of EXFO’s FTB one- or two-slot modules to meet your evolving needs. Configure your platform by combining optical, transport with datacom modules to cover a wide range of applications. The FTB-200 is the perfect tool for the field by offering power, speed and modularity in a compact format.

The ODTR is the main part of the FTB-200 Compact Platform. With the functions of locating a break or similar problem in a cable run and taking a snapshot of fibers before turning an installation over to a customer, it can  help you keep a permanent record of the state that fiber at any point in time and tell installers when fibers have been damaged or altered after installation, proving where responsibility for the damage lies.

EXFO FTB-200 is just one of devices of EXFO FTB series. Fiberstore also supplies OTDR of varies famous brands, such as JDSU MTS , YOKOGAWA AQ and so on. OEM portable and handheld OTDR are also available.

Article Source: The Introduction of EXFO OTDR

D-Link 1000BASE SFP Introduction

D-Link Introduction

As the leading brands of networking equipment maker, D-link devoted itself to develop, manufacture and sale Local Area Network (LAN), broadband network, wireless network and voice network products for the digital home, Small Office/Home Office (SOHO), Small to Medium Business (SMB) and Work-group in the worldwide. Energy conservation and environmental protection are always the primary goal for D-link. There are many fiber products from D-link. Today, I will introduce an essential part of the switches product line-the D-Link 1000BASE SFP transceiver modules.

About D-Link's SFP Modules

D-Link's new line of GBIC and SFP transceivers represent an industry leading combination of performance and affordability. D-Link's new Gigabit transceivers are available in two form-factors: standard (GBIC) or (SFP) /mini-GBIC. SFP modules can be used and interchanged on a wide variety of switches and routers. And SFP modules also can be intermixed in combinations of 1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX/LH, 1000BASE-EX, 1000BASE-ZX, or 1000BASE-BX10-D/U on a port-by-port basis.

D-Link 1000BASE-T SFP

The D-Link DGS-712 1000BASE-T is based on the SFP Multi Source Agreement (MSA). It is compatible with the Gigabit Ethernet and 1000BASE-T standards as specified in IEEE 802.3z and 802.3ab. The DGS-712 plugs into any standard SFP interface and allows for 1000Base-T Gigabit transmission over standard Category 5 twisted pair copper.

Key Features

• Product Type: SFP transceiver module
• Data Rate: 1Gbps
• Wavelength: N/A
• Transfer Distance: 100m
• Connector Type: RJ45
• Cable Type: Copper

D-Link 1000BASE-SX SFP

D-Link DEM-311GT 1000BASE-SX SFP 850nm transceiver module supporting dual data-rate of 1.25Gbps/1.0625Gbps and 550km transmission distance with Multi-mode Fiber (MMF). It was designed to meet Gigabit Ethernet and 1 times Fibre Channel application networking. It fully comply with the SFP Multi-Sourcing Agreement to meet the network upgrade needs.

Key Features

• Product Type: SFP transceiver module
• Data Rate: 1Gbps
• Wavelength: 850nm
• Transfer Distance: 550m
• Connector Type: LC Duplex
• Cable Type: Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF)

D-Link 1000BASE-LX SFP

D-Link DEM-310GT is the 1000BASE-LX LC SFP 1310nm transceiver module. It supports dual data-rate of 1.25Gbps/1.0625Gbps and 10km transmission distance with Single-mode Fiber (SMF). With a metal housing, it can effectively reduce Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) and increase durability.

Key Features

• Product Type: SFP transceiver module
• Data Rate: 1Gbps
• Wavelength: 1310nm
• Transfer Distance: 10km
• Connector Type: LC Duplex
• Cable Type: Single-Mode Fiber (SMF)

D-Link's SFP Module Alternative Solution

Fiberstore offers third party optical transceivers. All the D-Link SFP transceiver is certified 100% compatible with D-Link switch and router product lines. Fiberstore provides D-Link DGS-712, D-Link DEM-311GT, DEM-310GT Compatible D-Link 1000BASE SFP interface. All the SFP transceiver modules are 100% tested before shipping and have a lifetime warranty.

Article Source: D-Link's SFP Module Alternative Solution

Fiber Termination Box Overview

What Is Fiber Termination Box?

Fiber termination box or fiber optic terminal box, which generally refers to a box shape cable management product used to protect and distribute the optical fiber links. It is small size and compact, used in FTTX cabling, including fiber cabling and cable management. Fiber termination box can be regarded as the mini size of fiber optic patch panel and ODF.

Types Of Fiber Termination Box

Usually the fiber termination boxes include fiber optic patch panel and fiber terminal box. Fiber optic patch panel is bigger size, while fiber terminal box is smaller. However, there are too many fiber optic termination boxes and cable management devices that it is hard to count their types. Many manufacturers will make the fiber optic termination boxes according to their own design and give the fiber optic termination boxes different names and model numbers.

Fiber Optic Patch Panels are usually 19 inch size. They can be wall mounted type or rack mounted type, and they have the tray inside the fiber box to hold and protect the fiber links. They can be pre-installed with various kinds of fiber optic adapters, which are the interface via that the fiber box will connect the external devices.

Fiber Optic Terminal Boxes are also used for fiber optic distribution and organization. Typical fiber terminal boxes are with 12 ports or 24 ports, with a size of 270mm*137mm*45mm. However, FiberStore can offer 8 ports, 36 ports, 48 ports and 96 ports fiber terminal boxes. They are made of cold rolling steel and the surface of the boxes use the technique of dim blowing plastic. They are typically installed with FC or ST adapters on the panel on the wall or put in horizontal line.

Fiber termination box types are mainly described as Rack Mount and Wall Mount:

Rack Mount Fiber Termination Box

The rack mount slide-out type fiber termination box performs fiber splicing, distribution, termination, patching, storage and management in one unit. They support both cross-connect and interconnect architecture, and provide interfaces between outside plant cables and transmission equipment.

Wall Mount Fiber Termination Box

The wall mount fiber termination boxes are designed for either preconnectorized cables, field installation of connectors, or field splicing of pigtails. They are ideal for building entrance terminals, telecommunication closets, main crossconnects, computer rooms and other controlled environments.

Fiber termination box types also include indoor and outdoor:

Indoor Fiber Termination Box

For example, FTTH floor terminal box is specifically designed to be installed on each level of a multi-dwelling unit (MDU) building for fiber to the home applications. It is the transition point between the riser and the horizontal cable and provides operators with optimum flexibility. It provides storage for both overlength and terminated fibers as well as serving as a splice point.

Outdoor Fiber Termination Box

The outdoor fiber terminal boxes are environmentally sealed enclosures to distribution fibers for FTTX networks. They are also designed for fiber splicing, termination, and cable management.

Structure Of Fiber Termination Box

Fiber termination box consists of the shell, the internals (supporting frame, set fiber disc, fixing device) and optical fiber joint protective element. It has advantages of cable-fixing, welding, and play protection role in machinery of the optical fiber and its components ,and environment.

Fiber termination box requires a insulation between cable metal components and cable terminal box shell, and can be easily drawn out of ground. It is able to provide a place of cable terminal and a room to storage the remaining fiber, easy to install, and having a sufficient impact strength box to be fixed, that facilitate the installation of different occasions. If necessary, it should have a function of connecting cable branching.

Applications Of Fiber Termination Box

Fiber termination box is suitable for fixing the end of fiber and splicing the fiber pigtail, meantime it protects fiber splice tie-in and helps to distribute fiber. Termination box is mainly used in telecom equipment room or network equipment room.

Fiber termination box is available for the distribution and termination connection for various kinds of fiber optic systems, especially suitable for mini-network terminal distribution, in which the optical cables, patch cores or pigtails are connected.

Article Source: Fiber Termination Box Tutorial

What are the differences between LX, LH and LX/LH?

We usually see LX SFP, LH SFP and LX/LH SFP on many websites, and many people show their confusion about them. Whether they are the same or different? If they are dissimilar, what differences between them on earth?

The Commonly Used 1000BASE-X Standards about Ethernet
Ethernet was the result of the research done at Xerox PARC in the early 1970s. Ethernet later evolved into a widely implemented physical and link layer protocol. Fast Ethernet increased speed from 10 to 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Gigabit Ethernet was the next iteration, increasing the speed to 1000 Mbit/s. The initial standard for Gigabit Ethernet was produced by the IEEE in June 1998 as IEEE 802.3z, and required optical fiber. 802.3z is commonly referred to as 1000BASE-X, which is used in industry to refer to Gigabit Ethernet transmission over fiber, where options include 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-LX10, 1000BASE-BX10 or the non-standard -EX and -ZX implementation.

Gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-LX Optical Interface Specifications
1000BASE-LX is a fiber optic Gigabit Ethernet standard specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 38 which uses a long wavelength laser (1,270–1,355nm). The 1000BASE-LX SFP is specified to work over a distance of up to 5km over single mode fiber and it can also run over all common types of multi mode fiber with a maximum segment length of 550m. For link distances greater than 300m, you must install a mode-conditioning patch cord between the transceiver and the MMF cable on both ends of the link.

1000BASE-LH and 1000BASE-LX/LH Optical Interface Specifications
LH refers to Long Haul. Many vendors use both LH and LX/LH for certain SFP modules, but they aren’t a Gigabit Ethernet standard at all. 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP can achieve a distance up to 25km over single mode fiber. Unlike 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP, 1000BASE-LH SFP operates a distance up to 70km over single mode fiber.

Conclusion
In a word, the 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-LH and 1000BASE-LX/LH are all refer to Gigabit Ethernet transmission. Among them, the 1000BASE-LX is a standard, the 1000BASE-LH and 1000BASE-LX/LH just are terms widely used by vendors. Other long haul transmission standards include 1000BASE-LX10, 1000BASE-EX and 1000BASE-ZX. We can see their differences more clearly in the following chart:

Name	Medium	wavelength	Specified distance
1000BASE-LX/LH	9/125 Single mode fiber	1310nm	10km
1000BASE-LX	62.5/125, 50/125 Multi mode fiber	1310nm	550m
1000BASE-LX10	9/125 Single mode fiber	1310nm	10km
1000BASE-LH	9/125 Single mode fiber	1310nm	25~70km
1000BASE-EX	9/125 Single mode fiber	1310nm	40km
1000BASE-ZX	9/125 Single mode fiber	1550nm	70km

Fiberstore is a professional OEM manufacturer and supplier of optical networking solutions. Fiberstore's 1000BASE-LX SFP and 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP is 100% compatible with major brands like Cisco, HP, Juniper, Nortel, D-link, Netgear and Brocade. We can see the order information clearly in the following chart:

Brand	Models	Description
Fiberstore	SFP-1G31-10-xx	1.25Gbps 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP 1310nm 10km SMF
Cisco	GLC-LX-SM-RGD	Cisco GLC-LX-SM-RGD Compatible 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP 1310nm 10km IND
D-Link	DEM-310GT	D-Link DEM-310GT Compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP 1310nm 10km SMF
HP	J4859C	HP J4859C Compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP 1310nm 10km SMF
HP	JD119B	HP JD119B X120 Compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP 1310nm 10km SMF
Netgear	AGM732F	Netgear AGM732F Compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP 1310nm 10km SMF
Brocade	E1MG-LX-OM	Brocade E1MG-LX-OM Compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP 1310nm 10km DDM SMF
Brocade	E1MG-LX-OM-T	Brocade E1MG-LX-OM-T Compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP 1310nm 10km DDM IND
Linksys	MGBLX1	Linksys MGBLX1 Compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP SMF

Wall Plates Overview

Wall plates that you see every day, in just about every room, but you think about them not very often. There is a good chance you are not aware of the sheer variety of options out there when it comes to customizing your wall plates. Everyone knows about the traditional electrical wall plate, but that's just the tip of the iceberg. There are telephone wall plates, gang wall plates, RJ45 face plate and keystone wall plates, among other A/V and data options. There are fiber optic wall plate and network face plate that are customizable in pretty much any way you can think of. This paper can give you a comprehensive understanding of wall plates.

Introduction of Wall Plates
Wall plate, or wallplate, is a highly configurable wall plate outlet products, available in both single-gang and double-gang configurations. It is designed for use within Fiber-To-The-Desk (FTTD) applications but may also be used to connect telephones and other peripherals to a network.

Wall plates protect electrical outlets and accommodate a variety of cabling solutions such as coaxial, twisted pair, fiber, and HDMI cables. Wall plates protect your network by keeping your connections safe from dust, physical damage, and foreign objects. The following figure shows us a RJ45 wall plate.

A variety of fiber and copper adapters may be loaded in the wall plate outlet in any configuration. These adapters may be purchased individually or preloaded into the wall plate outlet. The wall plate outlet is also available with angled faces that allow fiber connectors and jumpers(i.e. fiber patch cables/cords) to easily transition and exit down the wall, a 4 port wall plate (4-Port SC interface) as shown in the figure below.

According to different networks, there are mainly two types of wall plates: fiber optic network wall plates, copper network wall plates.

Fiber Optic Network Wall Plates
Fiber optic network wall plates, or fiber optic wall plates, are wall plates that designed to bring fiber to the desk and widely used in multi-floor and high building, including bevel fiber optic wall plates with 45° adapter plug-in/out angle and hybrid fiber optic wall plates/outlets. The wall plates are available with LC, SC, ST, FC adapters. They can be applied in FTTH access, telecommunication, CATV, data communication networks etc.

Copper Network Wall Plates
Copper network wall plates, or network faceplates and network outlet faceplates, are something everyone has a passing familiarity with, but few people know how many different varieties there are. In addition to your usual 1, 2, and 3 gang duplex receptacles and toggle switch covers, there are also duplex/phone combinations; face plates for VGA, Cat5e, Cat6, S-Video, RCA and BNC connector modules; and red engraved plates for emergency use.

Outlet faceplates use a double gang faceplate for standard administrative outlet locations, with connectors for all copper and fiber optic cable. Standard administrative outlets may, by specific user request, use single gang outlet faceplates in conjunction with a reducing ring. For single gang outlet boxes, use a single gang outlet faceplate with appropriate connector locations and, if required, mounting lugs for wall phones. Outlet faceplate must include two blanks position for future applications.

Reference Document: Wall Plates Tutorial

The Recognition of Optical Transceiver

Optical Transceiver Overview

What is an Optical Transceiver Module?
A fiber optical transceiver is a device that can send and receive optical information. By using an optical transceiver, network spend less space and steer clear of the necessity of getting a transmitter and receiver in the network. Able to transmit information further and faster than older models, the more recent transceivers are utilized and appearance, creating more compact, smaller sized modules than ever before.

How does it work?
A fiber optic transceiver is a accessory acclimated to forward and accept optical information. There are a number of different components on these devices, including a light source and an electrical component. The transceiver has two ends, one that an optical cable plugs into and accession for abutting an electrical device. Fiber optic transceivers combine a fiber optic transmitter and a fiber optic receiver in a single module. They are arranged in parallel so that they can operate independently of each other. Both the receiver and the transmitter have their own circuitry and can handle transmissions in both directions. In fiber optic data links, the transmitter converts an electrical signal into an optical signal, which is coupled with a connector and transmitted through a fiber optic cable. The light from the end of the cable is coupled to a receiver, where a detector converts the light back into an electrical signal. Either a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode is used as the light source.

Principle of Optical Transceiver Modules
Optical transceiver generally includes both a transmitter and a receiver in a single module. The transmitter and receiver are arranged in parallel so that they can operate independently of each other. Both the receiver and the transmitter have their own circuitry so that they can handle transmissions in both directions. The transmitter takes an electrical input and converts it to an optical output from a laser diode or LED. The light from the transmitter is coupled into the fiber with a connector and is transmitted through the fiber optic cable plant. The light from the end of the fiber is coupled to a receiver where a detector converts the light into an electrical signal which is then conditioned properly for use by the receiving equipment.

Application of Optical Transceiver Modules
Optical transceiver, essentially just completed the converted of data between different media, can realize the connection between two switches or computers in the 0-120km distance. Its main function is to achieve the conversion between optical-electrical and electrical-optical, including optical power control, modulation transmission, signal detection, IV conversion and limiting amplifier decision regeneration. In addition, there are some functions like security information query, TX-disable. Here is a summary in the practical application.

1. Optical transceivers can interconnect with switches.
2. Optical transceivers can interconnect between the switch and the computer.
3. Optical transceivers can interconnect with computers.
4. Optical transceivers can act as the transmission repeater.
   When the actual transfer distance exceeds the nominal transmission distance of the transceiver, in particular, the actual transfer distance exceeds 120km alerts, with 2 sets transceiver back to back in the case of on-site conditions allow, repeaters or the use of "optical-optical" conversiona relay, is a very cost-effective solution.
5. Optical transceivers can offer conversion between single-mode and multimode fiber connection.
   When the networks appear to need a single multimode fiber connection, you can use a multimode transceiver and a single-mode transceiver back-to-back connections, which can solve the problem of single multimode fiber converted.
6. Optical transceivers can offer WDM transmission.
   The lack of resources of long-distance fiber optic cable, in order to improve the utilization rate of the fiber optic cable, and reduce the cost, transceiver and wavelength division multiplexer (WDM multiplexer) with the use of two-way information on the same fiber transmission.

Optical Transceiver modules can be classified according to the following aspects.

1. Optical Fiber Type
Single-mode fiber transceiver and Multimode fiber transceiver. The single-mode version has a transmission distance of 20 to 120 km, while the multimode one's is 2 to 5 km. Due to the different transmission distance, the transceivers' transmit power, receiver sensitivity and the use of wavelength will be different.

2. Optical Fiber Count
Simplex fiber transceiver and Duplex fiber transceiver. The simplex version receives the data sent in a single fiber transmission, While the duplex one receives data transmitted on a dual fiber transmission.By definition, single fiber devices can save half of the fiber, a fiber that is in the receive and transmit data, where the fiber is very applicable to resource constraints. These products use the wavelength division multiplexing techniques, mostly using the wavelength 1310nm and 1550nm.

3. Transmission Rate
Transmission rate refers to the number of gigabits transmitted per second, per unit of Mbps or Gbps. Optical modules cover the following main rate: low rates, Fast, Gigabit, 1.25G, 2.5G, 4.25G, 4.9G, 6G, 8G, 10G and 40G.

4. Package
SFP, SFP+, GBIC, XFP, XENPAK, X2, 1X9, SFF, 200/3000pin, XPAK, etc.

Fiberstore Optical Transceiver Solution

Fiberstore is a worldwide leading manufacturer & supplier of compatible fiber optical transceivers. We produce and stock for a full range of transceivers such as SFP Plus (SFP+), X2, XENPAK, XFP, SFP, GBIC. In the market, there are many brands of fiber optic transceiver, HP, Cisco, NETGEAR, Finisar, Dell, etc. The following table is the order information of HP SFP transceiver:

Part No.	Description
SFP-1GT-1MA-HP	HP JD089B X120 compatible 1000BASE-T SFP Copper RJ45 100m
SFP-1G85-5MA-HP	HP JD118B X120 compatible 1000BASE-SX SFP 850nm 550m DDM MMF
SFP-1G31-10A-HP	HP JD119B X120 compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP 1310nm 10km SMF
SFP-1G85-5ME-HP	HP J4858B X121 compatible 1000BASE-SX SFP 850nm 550m MMF
SFP-1G85-5MF-HP	HP J4858C X121 compatible 1000BASE-SX SFP 850nm 550m MMF
SFP-1GT-1MD-HP	HP J8177C X121 compatible 1000BASE-T SFP Copper RJ45 100m
SFP-1G31-10F-HP	HP J4859C X121 compatible 1000BASE-LX SFP 1310nm 10km SFP SMF
BLSFP-1G34-10-HP	HP J9143B X122 compatible 1000BASE 1310nmTX/1490nmRX BIDI SFP 10km SMF

Article Source: The Recognition of Fiber Optic Transceiver

Fluke 117 Electrician's Multimeter Review

Fluke 117 Overview

The Fluke 117 is simply amazing multimeter for demanding settings like hospitals and schools and commercial buildings. The Fluke 117 multimeter includes integrated non-contact voltage detection to avoid secondary voltage detection tools for that purpose.

With its integrated non-contact voltage detection and the AutoV/LoZ function preventing false readings caused by ghost voltage, the Fluke 117 Electrician's Multimeter is the ideal multimeter for electricians. The Fluke 117 includes integrated non-contact voltage detection to help get the job done faster.

Compared to other Fluke multimeters it’s quite smaller and compact. The Fluke 117 weights about 400 grams. The Fluke 117 is ergonomically designed to give you a comfort hand holding with a compact size which provides an easy one handed operation off the device.

Fluke 117 Features

• Built-in VoltAlert sensing circuit for non contact voltage detection
• AutoVolT (Auto-V) automatically determines ac/dc voltage selection
• LoZ: Low impedance input allows added measurement confidence against ghost voltage
• Large white LED backlight for excellent viewing in all working conditions
• True-rms for accurate measurements on non-linear loads
• Quality resistance, continuity, frequency and capacitance functions
• Min/Max/Average to record signal fluctuations
• CAT III 600 V safety rated

What Current Owners Have to Say About it

By DeusEx (United States)

The Fluke 110 series is Fluke's cheapest "Fluke Branded" line. It's a Fluke so you know you're getting an instrument worth its salt. The 117 is the most feature packed and highest priced in the series. It's a smaller form factor than some of the other Fluke meters. It features all the traditional fields that you'll find on most modern DMMs. Volts AC (True RMS) & DC both to 600V. A full mV range. Resistance, continuity, diode check, capacitence, and frequency. It features Amps AC & DC to 10A however it lacks a mV and uV range since this is an electrician's meter, not an electronics meter. Two more modes it offers are volt alert and LoZ.

By Allan York ( Gardnerville, NV USA )

I bought the Fluke 117 Multimeter as a replacement for my old and very tired Fluke 77 Multimeter. This is a great meter for the price, I love all the new features Fluke has put in. If I have any gripe it's that the leads don't stow on the back like the model 77. If you need a quality Multimeter at a decent price grab one of these.

Where to Buy Reliable Quality Network Test Equipment

To find more common used fiber optic testers from Fiberstore, include optical multimeter, visual fault locator, RJ45 tester, underground wire tracer, bit error rate tester and phone line tester. Fiberstore provide reliable quality fiber  testers in accordance with telecom, military, aerospace and other industry standards.